Job 23.1-9, 16-17; Hebrews 4.12-16; Mark 10.17-31
Bridestowe, Lydford, Trinity 19 (Proper 23), 14/10/2012
Two men in search of God – tormented by suffering, seeking redemption.
The rich man, anxious to preserve his status as a righteous man, in search of God as taught by Jesus, finding his worldview challenged to the core.
And Job, a rich man once, now fallen into terrible suffering, searching desperately for a God who eludes him, who he knows would help him if only he could be found.
And we, here, in search of God, wrapped up in a world of suffering, seeking redemption. What can we learn from the rich man and Job?
The rich man’s encounter with Jesus is sobering for Christians in the wealthy West; for we understand that Jesus’ words to that man are his words to us. The ‘camel through the eye of a needle’ joke was no joke to the rich man, who knew that in repeating it Jesus was echoing the dark humour of every poor man and woman in their society – a humour based on the reality that the rich were rich because they exploited and brought suffering on the poor. And Jesus said that if they continued to exploit and bring suffering on the poor then they would not enter the kingdom of heaven.
‘You shall not defraud’, said Jesus, inserting a new commandment into the list he recited to the rich man. It meant, ‘You shall not keep back the wages of a hireling, you shall not refuse to return goods or money which someone has deposited with you for safekeeping’. [1] Jesus said that the way in which the man can make restitution is by returning his wealth to the poor, whom he has defrauded.
The rich man was looking for a God who would sanctify his lifestyle without requiring him to change it. He found Jesus showing him a different sort of God altogether.
The problem with the rich man’s God is that that God allows other people to suffer. Conveniently ignoring the realities of the way he gains his wealth, the rich man’s God says that the suffering of the poor is caused by their own sinfulness. The rich man’s God compounds the suffering of the poor by accusing them of bringing it on themselves.
The accusation hurts as much as the poverty – as anyone will tell you who has become unemployable not because they don’t want work, but because the whims of government or the attitudes of employers have dictated it. The accusers turn their victim into a scapegoat.
The God of Jesus has a very different view of suffering, its causes, its cure, than the rich man’s God.
And what about the friends of the former rich man Job, his friends who are still rich men themselves – who is the God of whom they speak?
They speak of a God who is letting Job suffer, as punishment for something he must have done wrong, and as a test of his faith.
And their condemnation of Job, saying he is being justly punished, is the worst of all his sufferings. The universal disapproval he endured from others, the mockery, the insults, the ostracism, was more intolerable than all the losses he had sustained. Job, who once was greatly respected in society, is now treated like a scapegoat in that society. He has become the pariah even of those who are treated as pariahs. [2]
Job’s friends and those who mimic what they say, have a God who allows other people to suffer. Their God compounds the suffering of Job by accusing him of bringing it on himself.
But Job will not have this. Job’s intuition is that they have got it wrong, they and their God; he senses that there is another sort of God altogether. A God who doesn’t victimise the sufferers to condemn them, but who suffers with the victims, to redeem them. The problem for Job is that though he searches high and low for this God, he cannot locate him.
‘If only I knew where to find him, I could make my case before him,’ says Job. ‘And he would listen to to me; an upright person could reason with him, and he, my judge, would acquit me for ever.’ This poor man will not accept victim status.
That is where we leave Job for a while, searching for a God who will not impose suffering on a person; a God who will listen to the sufferer, not accuse; a God of reasonable judgment who will acquit the one who others scapegoat.
What of our own age and time? I suggest that we are living in an age of Job. For in this age we struggle between the idea of a God who imposes suffering as a punishment or a test, and our intuition is that there is another sort of God altogether. Or if not a God, then at least another way of being human.
Our enquiring minds and intuitive faith are healing the sores of Job. Our enlightened sciences and technologies, our judicial, political and social systems would not have flourished if humans had persevered in the belief of Job’s friends, if they had continued to persecute victims each time someone suffered misfortune among them or each time they themselves suffered misfortune. René Girard says, ‘They would never have invented medicine if, faced with the sores of Job, they had persevered in the idea that he was justly punished and that it would thwart God to try to heal him.’ [2]
The age of Job we live in, is an age in tension, between primitive and enlightened ideas about suffering. Endless tabloid debates about the pros and cons of the welfare benefit system illustrate this tension clearly. And the forthcoming inquiry into the policing of the Hillsborough tragedy means an end to the victimisation of those who suffered – the families and friends of those who died, who for 23 years have been scapegoated for those events but who have never accepted their victim status. Now those who were responsible for that suffering are being called to make amends. [3]
Which brings us back to Jesus, calling on the rich man to make amends for the suffering he has brought on others, as justified by his persecuting God.
We might feel rather awkward about the rich man’s story, for we know that in absolute terms we are the rich today, in this wealthy part of the world – and we benefit from the mechanics of wealth creation just as the rich man did, from its economics and its theology.
In relative terms we know that we are not as rich as others, but let’s not use that to reject this potent piece of scripture and its meaning for us today, for it contains good news both for the poor and the rich.
This story might make us feel awkward about our wealth, but we shouldn’t feel condemned. Remember the reason Jesus told the rich man to sell up and give his money to the poor. He did it because, looking at the rich man, he loved him.
Now, this is a remarkable statement. This is the only place in Mark’s gospel where Jesus is said to have ‘loved’ someone. Jesus felt keenly, deeply, for the rich man in his situation. The challenge Jesus set the rich man was the loving thing to do.
But how could that be? It makes no sense to us in our driven, acquisitive, privatised society where the compulsion to own and consume more and more for ourselves is just like the compulsion which drove Jesus’ rich man and his peers to grab more and more land, taxes and property from the poor.
But you may be familiar with the concept of affluenza, a condition of our age defined as the ‘painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload, debt, anxiety, and waste resulting from the dogged pursuit of more’. [4] Allied to this is the growing body of evidence that the countries with the greatest inequalities between rich and poor – countries like ours – are inefficient, unstable and suffering a serious breakdown in social cohesion and trust. [5] Releasing us from this, is surely the loving thing to do.
As now, so then; Jesus sees the side-affects of wealth creation and his heart fills with love for a rich man lost, in search of release from all that harms his well-being, the deepest things which money cannot buy. Jesus wants to help the man turn away from a worldview, a theology, in which the rich man’s God props up an alienating lifestyle, Jesus longs to turn him towards another way of being altogether, turn him towards the God of love, who will release him from his own contagion, to enjoy redemption together with those the man is able to release from their suffering.
There are no neat endings to the stories we have briefly considered today. The rich man couldn’t bear to consider giving his possessions away, he was too caught up in them to imagine a better life without them, and he went away from Jesus, grieving. Job’s search for a God who would not condemn him but hear his case, desperately continued. And we, in this age of Job, this place of great wealth and inequality, we continue to struggle with the problem of suffering, and our attitudes towards others who are suffering.
These stories tell us that we do not struggle alone. They affirm to us that despite the way he is so often portrayed, God is not one to impose suffering on people and justify their affliction. They reveal to us a Jesus who keenly understood the rich man’s struggle and whose love for that man was the strongest love he showed to anyone, in the whole of his ministry, despite the rich man’s ultimate, tragic, failure to change.
And in the middle of these stories, the epistle, the words of the writer to the Hebrews, who will have known how Job and the rich man appealed to God in their search for answers to a world of suffering, and encourages us to do the same:
‘Let us therefore approach the throne of grace with boldness, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.’ Hebrews 4.16
Notes
[1] My exegesis of Mark owes a great deal to Ched Myers, Binding the Strong Man, p.271-276
[2] René Girard, Job as Failed Scapegoat from Leo G. Perdue and W. Clark Gilpin, eds, The Voice from the Whirlwind: Interpreting the Book of Job, pp.185-207. Referenced at girardianlectionary.net. My paraphrase.
[3] IPCC announces biggest ever Hillsborough investigation, Telegraph, 12 October 2102.
[4] John de Graaf, David Wann & Thomas H. Naylor, Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic, quoted in Wikipedia, Affluenza. With acknowledgement to Paul Neuchterlein’s sermon, Maybe this is Good News after all, delivered at Zion Lutheran, Racine, WI, October 15, 2000.
[5] Clare Bryden, Peril of eating all the pie, Church Times 12 October 2012, reviewing Joseph E. Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality.